Warm plaster is a wall covering that saves heat and reduces noise

Warm plaster can significantly improve the comfort level of your house. This creative wall covering keeps your room quieter while also adding an additional layer of insulation. You can reduce outside noise and create a more comfortable atmosphere by using warm plaster.

By retaining heat inside your walls, warm plaster lowers the amount of energy required to keep your house warm. Because of this, it’s an energy-efficient choice that might result in cheaper heating costs. Additionally, it’s a great option for rooms where you want to reduce noise disturbances due to its soundproofing properties.

Feature	Description
Heat Insulation	Warm plaster helps retain heat inside a room, making it more energy-efficient and comfortable during colder months.
Noise Reduction	It also reduces noise levels, providing a quieter indoor environment by absorbing sound and minimizing external noise.
Application	Warm plaster is applied like traditional plaster but has specific thermal and acoustic properties that enhance its performance.
Benefits	Using warm plaster can lower heating costs and improve indoor comfort by maintaining a stable temperature and reducing noise.

What is thermal insulation plaster

New building materials that perform a specific task are also being developed in the field of building finishing. The main purpose of using thermal insulation plaster is to ensure thermal conductivity of no more than 0.175 W / m-K with a bulk density of up to 500 kg / m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not insulate heat sufficiently. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be an analogue of classic facade insulation, that is, be strong enough, durable, fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing fillers that conduct heat well with low-heat-conducting components. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions were replaced with:

• expanded vermiculite;
• foamed glass;
• sawdust;
• expanded clay;
• cut straw;
• perlite, etc.

This led to the creation of several kinds of warm plasters, each with a unique application area, that satisfy the requirements:

• warm plaster for interior work;
• heat-insulating facade (for external use).

Furthermore, the compositions underwent modifications that conferred additional properties, leading to the emergence of heat- and sound-absorbing plaster. This kind of finish acts as a heat- and sound-absorbing barrier.

Compositions that block heat are employed for both finishing and rough work, such as leveling.

Modifiers are an additional category of components. They are added to prolong the solution’s useful life, make it more elastic, and stop cracks from forming during drying. Mixtures are made by manufacturers using proprietary plasticizers. Microfiber, detergents, PVA glue, and ready-made modifiers from building supply stores are added to the composition as you create it by hand.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

Many materials, such as mineral wool and polystyrene foam, are used in construction to minimize heat loss. They are arranged outside on the walls.

Warm compounds offer the following benefits when compared to this type of home protection:

• simple application that a beginner can handle;
• the material is highly plastic, it can be used to seal hard-to-reach places in structures;
• no surface leveling required;
• no special fastening is needed; surface wetting is practiced to improve adhesion;
• the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at corners and to repair cracks;
• a high adhesion rate allows the composition to be applied even to a metal base;
• the material is microporous, which makes it breathable, facilitating the drying of walls;
• fire safety of most compositions;
• an additional benefit is good sound insulation of the insulated room;
• resistance to biological damage;
• the coating is frost-resistant, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
• environmental friendliness;
• use of waste for the production of plaster composition (reducing the polluting load on nature);
• does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV rays;
• thin-layer application provides additional insulation when using mineral wool, etc. insulation materials.

Warm compositions are not without drawbacks.

• the compositions are more expensive than insulation materials (taking into account the reduction in the cost of work and the reduction in costs for related materials, such as mesh, the cost is comparable);
• the increased dead weight of the coating with the additional load from absorbed water requires a strong foundation;
• a protective coating is necessary, since porosity promotes rapid absorption of moisture (compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene do not have this disadvantage);
• compositions with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (only indoors);
• the insulation layer is thick, so it takes a long time to dry;
• some fillers are flammable (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the warm plaster layer

To compute this, utilize SNiP 23-02-2003.

Thermal conductivity of plaster is the ability of the material to conduct heat. If the room temperature is higher than the outside temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat "leaves" outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, thermal conductivity of the wall material, the difference in temperature between the outside and indoor temperatures, and other parameters. To quantitatively express the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, use λ – the thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster (how much it is able to conduct thermal radiation through an area of ​​1 m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions, the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W / (m * ° C)) is as follows:

• cement with sand – 0.93;
• cement-lime with sand – 0.87;
• lime with sand – 0.81;
• clay with sand – 0.69;
• gypsum – 0.35;
• clay with sawdust – 0.29;
• gypsum with perlite – 0.23;
• cement with perlite – 0.3.

For a wall thickness of 1 m, the coefficient λ = 1 indicates that the heat loss will be 1 W. In the event that this indicator reads 20 cm rather than 1 m, the heat loss is 1: 0.2 = 5 W. Should the temperature differential be 6 °C instead of 1 °C, the losses will be greater: 30 W is equal to 5 x 6.

Use the formula R = d / λ to calculate thermal resistance, where d is the material’s thickness and λ is taken from the table.

As an illustration, the thermal resistance (R) of a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm

Determine the standard value of the external walls’ heat transfer resistance for the desired area by consulting the table. For instance, it is 3.28 (m2 * K) / W for Moscow, indicating that the estimated resistance of foam concrete in Moscow is insufficient for a residential wall. Additionally, for Sochi (1.79).

Calculate the difference between the norm and the current indicator to determine the thickness of the plaster coating (gypsum with perlite). Ra = m2*K/W – Rst = 3.28 – 1.7 = 1.58

We can compute d = Ra* λ = 1.58 *0.23 = 0.363 m or 363 mm using this formula. We are not suited for a plaster covering this thick, so insulation would be the best course of action.

D = (1.79-1.7)*0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm for Sochi. In this instance, the plaster’s (gypsum-perlite) thermal conductivity is more than adequate for the Sochi area.

Warm plaster is a workable way to improve the comfort level in your house by lowering noise levels and conserving heat. This creative wall covering absorbs sound to make your living spaces quieter and keeps them warmer and more energy-efficient. It also functions as an effective insulator. It’s a wise decision to enhance your home’s warmth and tranquility without requiring difficult installation or upkeep.

Application areas of warm plaster

Warm plaster is not limited to use on facade walls when doing outdoor work. It’s used for water supply riser insulation, crack sealing, basement insulation, floor and ceiling insulation, and sewer riser insulation. Furthermore, it serves as insulation for auxiliary buildings such as garages.

The following variants are made based on the intended use:

• finishing coat compositions
• for rough finishing.

Types of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Both the type of insulating filler and the type of binder—such as gypsum, cement, etc.—are used to categorize heat-insulating compositions.

Based on straw

Insulating plaster composed of ground straw and clay has been around for a long time. In addition to creating voids, straw coated in clay acts as reinforcement.

Plaster coatings can therefore be thicker without delaminating or cracking. applied by hand to the wall over the shingles in a coarse layer. Because of the coating’s breathability, extra moisture is drawn out of the air and replaced when the space is dry. The walls are sprayed or moistened with clay mash prior to application. The longest drying time is the main drawback. The primary benefit is affordability and a conducive microclimate.

Sawdust based plaster

Housing has long been insulated with sawdust. They were applied as ceiling and backfill fill. For coating the walls, they were added to mixtures of clay and lime. Because sawdust has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.06 to 0.07 W/(m2•°C) compared to 0.18 for wood, it retains heat better than wood. Sawdust and polystyrene foam are substantially more similar in terms of heat retention.

Different mineral bases, such as clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 h. gypsum, 1 h. sawdust), cement, and lime, can be found in compositions containing sawdust. The primary use is indoors. Sawdust is sifted through a sieve with a 5 mm cell diameter prior to mixing the composition.

Polystyrene as a filler

Expanded polystyrene is a kind of foam plastic that is used for many things, like filler in upholstered furniture, sleeping pillows, and toys that reduce stress. The material does not absorb water, is extremely light (up to 98% air), and does not provide food for microorganisms. It is used as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1:3) placed beneath cement screeds and in cement screeds for insulating floors (1:4:4 – cement / polystyrene granules / sand).

Polystyrene-infused plaster mixtures are used both indoors and on facades. They are made using cement or cement combined with lime. When ignited, they can release harmful substances even though they don’t burn.

Plaster mix with the addition of foamed glass

Tiny glass balls (up to 2 mm) with water-resistant air bubbles are ideal for use as filler in warm plaster applications for the facade. These compositions don’t get wet, are simple to lay, and retain heat well.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

When water and solidified volcanic lava come into contact, obsidian hydroxide—porous, round granules that resemble pearls—is created. This led to the hydroxide being given the name perlite. The granules can absorb water four times their own weight due to their high porosity, which reaches 40% (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). Expanded perlite is frequently used for plaster composition (interior and exterior use).

Vermiculite is a type of mineral belonging to the hydromicas group. It is composed of tiny, layered scales with a brown-gold hue. When heated, vermiculite swells and absorbs air. used in warm plaster mixtures and lightweight concrete compositions. possesses antiseptic qualities. Finish plastering is necessary for perlite and vermiculite because they both absorb odors and water well.

Some low-melting clay varieties can be fired to create expanded clay granules, also known as crumbs. Light, low-heat-conducting granules of various sizes are produced during firing. Granules with a maximum diameter of 5 mm are utilized for warm facade plaster.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

Following these guidelines will ensure that your plaster screen is genuinely heat-insulating:

1. It is important to properly prepare the base.
2. To mix the dry mixture (DM), the amount of water is taken, following the instructions.
3. In a large container, mix the entire volume contained in the package with water, so that each portion is guaranteed to have the required proportion of components.
4. Pour the SS into the poured water, trying not to create dust. Stir the mixture for 5 minutes with a mixer at low speed (process areas close to the sides and the bottom). Then give the solution 5 minutes to "mature" and mix for another 2 – 3 minutes.
5. Work quickly, trying to use up all the solution before the end of its shelf life. A solution that has begun to set for application to the wall is unsuitable.
6. Work is carried out at temperatures above + 5 ° C, below + 30 ° C. Drafts, direct exposure to sunlight and rain are unacceptable. During facade work, make a canopy.
7. Before plastering, de-energize sockets and switches.
8. Use safety glasses to protect your eyes.
9. Used beacons are removed after applying the solution. They cannot be left in the wall, since they serve as cold bridges.
10. The use of primers is necessary to ensure adhesion sufficient to hold a powerful plaster coating on the wall.
11. The insulating layer should not be thicker than 25 mm. If a greater thickness is required, apply several layers with breaks for drying. The surface of the overlapping layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Preparing warm plaster with your own hands

The cost of SMS that are for sale is high. There is a different option. Master plasterers prefer to make their own warm plaster solutions by hand. Almost nothing can be spent on any of the components. You can use lime or clay as a natural plasticizer. It is also appropriate to add liquid soap, two to three spoons for every twenty liters of mixture. A water-repellent agent is available at the store; use it as directed.

We provide you with multiple thermal insulation compound recipes.

Method 1. Concoction for facades:

• 1 part – cement from M400;
• 1 part – 1–3 mm foamed polystyrene;
• 3 parts perlite;
• 50 g – polypropylene fiber;
• plasticizer (add according to instructions).

After combining the dry ingredients, add water to the mixture until it forms a paste and stops flowing off the trowel.

Recipe 2: Indoor Use Mixture:

• 1 part – white cement M400;
• 4 parts – filler (vermiculite or perlite);
• 50 g/bucket of cement – ​​PVA glue or factory plasticizer (follow the proportions recommended by the manufacturer);
• water.

Recipe 3. Using a perlite-sand mixture to insulate against heat:

• 1 volume part cement;
• 1 part sand;
• 4 parts perlite.

Recipe #4: Warm composition for indoor use and facades using sawdust and paper

• 1 part – cement;
• 2 parts – paper pulp, soaked into a mush;
• 3 parts – sawdust;
• water.

Recipe 5. Composition of lime-sawdust:

• 1 part sawdust;
• 10 – 15 parts dry slaked lime;
• Water.

Mold, fungi, and rodents cannot harm lime, which is a potent biocidal agent. Sawdust and quicklime don’t mix well because quicklime releases a lot of heat during mixing. The solution needs to be made quickly because its shelf life is limited. After mixing the dry ingredients, cement or another binder (if preferred) is added. The last ingredient is water.

Recipe No. 6: Clay for walls mixed with sawdust and straw

• 1 h. – clay;
• 2h. – sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

The ratio for floors and ceilings is 1:10. There is no shelf life to the solution because water is just added as needed.

A video demonstrating how to prepare and apply warm plaster

Preparatory work

The wall needs to be appropriately prepped first. After removing the previous peeling coating, the surface is dusted, primed, and sealed. Remove old wallpaper, paint layers, and neutralize oil stains as well. Clean up any rotted areas and mold. Potholes and cracks are patched. On wooden surfaces, laths are nailed or mesh is fastened. A plumb line is used to install beacons.

Technology for applying warm plaster with your own hands

1. The wall is moistened with a sprayer.
2. The solution is applied in a layer up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass to the wall to improve adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed. If the coating is thick, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
3. The second and subsequent main layers (primer) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (without trying to make them smooth) using a float.
4. When the total coating thickness reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh sheets are joined with an overlap of 10 cm.
5. When the entire volume is filled between the beacons, the surface of the upper layer is leveled with a rule.
6. After the top layer has set, the beacons are removed and the remaining grooves are filled with a solution.
7. After the solutions have completely dried, the finishing coat is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption

Generally, the average consumption of a centimeter layer of composition per square meter is stated on the packaging by the manufacturer. The amount of mixture used is determined by taking into account the desired plaster coating thickness. The corresponding consumption rates for standard volumes are as follows:

• 10–14 kg will be needed for 1 m2 with a 2.5 cm layer;
• 18–25 kg will be needed for the same square with a thickness of 5 cm.

Work on the reinforcing layer

The reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal reinforcement of a thick coating, its application to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, and also in the case of plastering a building before its shrinkage is complete. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part is made of brick. This section of the plaster coating must be reinforced. It is carried out with a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which is strong enough and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the solution. A layer of the mixture is applied to the ceilings and walls, then the mesh is laid out and sunk. On the walls of the facade over the insulation, the reinforcement work is slightly different. First, the solution is applied in strokes, then the mesh is attached, and then plastered. Work with spatulas and half-trowels. When the layer dries, the next one is applied on top of it in the usual way.

Warm plaster is a workable way to increase the coziness and effectiveness of your living areas. It lessens your dependency on heating and cooling systems by offering efficient thermal insulation, which keeps your house warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.

Warm plaster can also greatly reduce noise, creating a calmer, quieter atmosphere in your house. This extra advantage is especially helpful in crowded urban settings or multi-room homes.

All things considered, warming plaster is a wise investment if you want to improve the comfort and energy efficiency of your house. It not only makes your home more comfortable over time, but it also lowers your energy expenses.

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