Waterproofing plaster is a reliable protection of structures from moisture

Plaster waterproofing is an essential component of protecting building structures from moisture damage. It functions as a barrier to stop water from seeping into ceilings, floors, and walls when applied properly. Any structure needs this protection to remain intact and long-lasting, especially in regions that experience frequent or high humidity levels.

Waterproofing plaster improves the general health of the building in addition to assisting in the prevention of leaks and moisture. It lowers the possibility of mold and mildew growth, which over time can cause serious damage and endanger the health of occupants, by keeping moisture out. Plaster that has been waterproofed effectively will stay intact and continue to fulfill its protective function.

To get the best results, waterproofing plaster application and maintenance are crucial. All the little things, like choosing the appropriate plaster type and applying it correctly, add up to making sure your building is shielded from the damaging effects of moisture.

Plaster waterproofing is crucial for protecting buildings from moisture damage and guaranteeing their long-term resilience. Waterproofing plaster helps preserve the integrity of walls and other surfaces by forming a barrier that stops water infiltration, lowering the possibility of mold growth, deterioration, and structural problems. This preventive measure is essential for both new construction and renovations, offering a dependable way to successfully tackle issues related to moisture.

The need for waterproofing

Waterproofing is required to prevent moisture from penetrating the components of building structures. Water can only be blocked from its path by a thick, waterproof coating. Waterproofing will shield brick and wooden walls by obstructing the flow of liquid. When brick that has been saturated with water reacts with it, salts are released from the building material and rise to the surface. Brick strength declines with time.

Warm, humid conditions are ideal for mold growth and other microorganisms, which eat away at building materials. Corrosion of the reinforcement occurs when moisture seeps into reinforced concrete through tiny pores and microcracks. It is obvious that moisture intrusion into building structures needs to be consistently prevented.

For swimming pools, foundations, subterranean buildings, cellars, brick basements, and other structures that come into constant contact with moisture, waterproofing plaster is required.

Types of waterproofing

Different techniques result in a waterproofing layer that blocks moisture. The following are some examples of waterproofing techniques and materials:

• paint (applying layers of bitumen, resins, rubber);
• impregnating (applying compounds that penetrate deep into the pores of structural materials);
• coating (coating with hot bitumen compounds);
• mastic (applying an adhesive mass with fillers – mastic);
• injection (pumping special impregnating compounds into holes and cracks);
• adhesive (sticking rolled bitumen or resinous materials);
• plaster (plaster compositions allow additional insulation of the structure);
• backfill, for example, backfill with bentonite clay;
• film (use of anti-condensation films);
• cast (hot or cold pouring of mixtures in several layers);
• mounted (installation of hydromembranes).

Additionally, there is both external and internal waterproofing, depending on the location.

Types and compositions of waterproofing plasters

The characteristics of action indicate that waterproofing plasters are:

• waterproof;
• hydrophobic

The formation of a high-density coating results in water resistance. Use fatty cement-sand mortar with mineral additives in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3 for plaster mortar. An emulsion (milk) of sodium aluminate or ceresite (liquid glass) has long been used for these purposes.

Cement and sand are dissolved in water to create a waterproof solution, which is then stirred into liquid glass. You must work quickly because this composition sets quickly; it is best for a beginner to try their hand first. The mass is periodically agitated to preserve the mixture’s homogeneity. A trial plastering is carried out to verify the dosage.

• 1.5 parts – liquid glass and cement;
• sand – 4 parts;
• water – ¼ weight of liquid glass.

The process of giving a coating the ability to repel moisture without absorbing it is known as hydrophobization. Water repellents are added to Portland cement-based hydrophobic plaster mixtures, which are used for this purpose.

For instance, 3D hydrophobization produces a coating with hydrophobic qualities over the whole volume when CemAqua additives from Cemmix are used.

Half of the water that is going to be mixed gets CemAqua added to it. Subsequently, the plaster solution is blended, incorporating water as needed to achieve the required consistency in the dough.

Cement-sand

The most prevalent kind of material used in private construction is cement-sand mortar. Portland cement M400 and above is the binder. Additionally included in the mixture are bitumen additives, crushed coal, stone flour, and quartz fine sand as mineral fillers. Sodium aluminate, iron chloride, and liquid glass-cerisit—these materials provide water resistance. As was the case before the market was filled with contemporary plastering materials, you can prepare the composition yourself.

Asphalt

The process of applying multiple layers of daub (spray) to form an impermeable plaster coating that is impervious to water is known as asphalt waterproofing. Composed of fused layers with a thickness of 4-7 mm (when using a solution) or 2 mm (when using mastic), it has a total thickness of up to 2 cm.

It is applied to concrete, metal, and reinforced concrete surfaces to stop moisture infiltration and corrosion. Asphalt mastics and solutions, whether hot or cold, are used to waterproof.

Bitumen is employed as an adhesive. Materials for asphalt plastering are typically made in asphalt factories.

Cement-polymer

It is challenging to stop pores from forming when using a cement mortar with a sand filler, which can act as waterproofing in and of itself. Additionally, where there are pores, water finds a way in. Since the water dispersion of polymers can enter the pores of concrete and react with its material, polymer additives become indispensable. Polymers improve the coating’s strength and resistance to frost, as well as the solution’s adherence.

Quartz sand is used as a filler in polymer-cement waterproofing solutions.

Polymer cement plaster compositions are composed of two components: an aqueous dispersion of polymers and a dry mixture, also known as DM. The ingredients are combined prior to use. These kinds of solutions are applied to plastering structures that are susceptible to settlement, vibration loads, and deformations that result in crack formation.

Polymer compositions are similar to asphalt in a positive way:

• applied to wet concrete;
• stick on both dry and wet surfaces;
• higher adhesion;
• higher abrasion resistance;
• finishing can be done in two weeks;
• high vapor permeability – applicability for interior finishing.

Groups of cement-polymer compositions are separated based on the following characteristics:

• standard, used outside (abrasion-resistant inelastic coating);
• crystallizing (with salt additives that form crystals in the pores), behaving like Roman concrete, gaining strength over time;
• elastic (withstands water pressure up to 50 m).

Characteristics and properties of waterproofing plaster

The following are some benefits of plaster waterproofing:

• resistance to various kinds of mechanical influences;
• high reliability of the coating, manifested even during prolonged flooding;
• good adhesion;
• high frost resistance (≥ 200 cycles);
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• suitability for finishing;
• Low cost.

The technical properties of various mixes vary. Strength, adhesion, water holding capacity, and water resistance are the primary attributes.

Tool

You will need the following to knead and apply a waterproofing (g/and) plaster solution:

• mixer;
• capacity;
• half -burned brush;
• spatula;
• trowel;
• trowel;
• A hatchet.

Surface preparation

The base needs to be cleaned of oil stains, biopfing foci, dirt, painting paint, crumbling portions of the previous coating, and dust before the waterproofing coating is applied. Utilizing biocidal substances, the fungus is neutralized. Sinks larger than 3 cm are leveled using a cement mortar that does not shrink.

The same solution is used to expand and caulk cracks and crevices. Surfaces that are too uneven are leveled beforehand. Fillets composed of a plaster cement composition round the corners where the wall and floor meet. 3–4 cm is the radius. Notches are scattered across smooth concrete surfaces.

Plaster application technology

The operating temperature range for this work is +5 to +25 °C. A broader range of temperatures can be used with certain compositions. The maximum humidity in the air should be 65%. The applied composition is shielded from precipitation, dehydration, freezing, sun and wind exposure, and mechanical stress.

The base surface is leveled with a standard solution prior to the waterproofing layer application, and the coating has four weeks to reach working strength. Because waterproofing solutions are denser, they strengthen weak surfaces. The wall is prepared as mentioned above if leveling is not required.

The manufacturer specifies on the packaging all the steps that must be taken in order to prepare the SS solution. You must adhere to these instructions to the letter.

The layer being laid needs to be at least 2.5 mm thick.

One can apply the waterproofing plaster coating mechanically or manually. The benefits of manual application include lower solution consumption and the use of standard tools without the need to buy or rent pricey equipment. Applying the coating by machine has the benefit of increasing its density and strength while requiring less time and effort.

Manual application step by step

Step 1: Prepare the surface as described above.

Step 2: Use a brush or spray to moisten the wall surface.

Step 3: Get the answer ready. After adding water to a container, DM is combined with a mixer. Pour the emulsion into a container, dilute with the amount of water indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer, mix, add SS, and stir to combine two-component compounds. Give the mixture five minutes to stand. Before applying to the wall, stir once more.

Step 4: Use a unique waterproofing tape to reinforce the corners by gluing it into the inner corners of the solution.

Step 5: Gather the solution in small amounts with a brush, then move the mixture in a horizontal motion to the wall and rub it in thoroughly. Applying plaster waterproofing right away results in an even layer that doesn’t run or drip. Then, since mechanical action breaks the resulting bonds, it will be impossible to return to such an area for leveling.

Step 6: Give the layer a day to stand. It is covered with a film during this time, or moisturize every six hours.

Step 7: The solution is thickened (about three parts DM to one part water) for the second pass.

Step 8: Using a spatula or trowel, apply the solution in small portions (perpendicular to the first layer) working your way up from the bottom. To ensure a thin and consistent layer, hold the tool at an angle to the wall.

Step9: Using a horizontal spatula, apply the third layer after 24 hours, if necessary.

Step 10: Allow the coating to solidify, shield it from the sun and wind, and mist it with a spray bottle.

Step 11: Apply the liquid mixture thinly, as soon as possible—after seven days, unless the manufacturer has given you a different time frame. Using a float, rub the layer’s surface in a circular motion.

Utilizing red pigment to apply the third layer

Video of the process of applying waterproofing plaster to a basement in a garage

Shotcreting

Shotcrete is one technique for applying G/I composition in thick layers. The unique aspect of using a cement gun for plastering is that the dry ingredients are mixed with water virtually before the mixture exits the nozzle. Cement and dry sand combined; one of the rubber hoses is used to feed the grout, which is fed to the spray head by compressed air pressure. Here, the second hose is also used to supply water. After the grout is wetted in the nozzle, a solution is created that shoots out of it, lands on the base’s surface, and deposits itself there in a thick layer.

The gunned layer is typically 8–10 mm thick, with a maximum thickness of 15 mm. After application, every layer is left to dry for a full day. Make sure the previous layer is well moistened before applying the next. The waterproof film known as the gunned layer. The total coating’s water resistance increases with the number of these films.

The edge of the unfinished gunned layer (up to 15 cm wide) is manually beveled and scraped with a wire brush until it sets completely to increase adhesion if the gunned surface is large and it is not possible to apply a layer to the entire surface. The layer is applied to the adjacent area by overlapping it and wetting the edges first. Every formed corner needs to be rounded, including those formed when joining neighboring planes.

Gazha’s cement-to-sand ratio is either 1:2 or 1:3, and the sand filler’s makeup is unique.

The components consist of three sizes of sharp-grained, pure quartz sand:

• the first is size 1.5 mm – 5 parts by volume;
• the second is size 1 mm – 3 parts;
• the third is sifted through a sieve of 250 holes per sq.cm – 1 part.

Compared to rounded sand, sharp-grained sand creates a more resilient layer. Portland cement, either regular or pozzolanic, serves as the binder for shotcrete plaster.

When tapped, a properly laid layer that is securely bonded to the preceding one doesn’t produce a "rumbling" sound. Overdrying is prevented for every new layer. It is either moistened or covered with matting or bags for this purpose. For ten days, the coating is protected from premature drying.

Portland cement that has been pozzolanic is used to waterproof plaster for swimming pools and walls that are exposed to water all the time. While hardening, the surface of such a coating is particularly well-moisturized.

Mechanical application method

Plaster waterproofing by hand is typically used on small or difficult-to-reach areas. The mechanical approach produces the best outcomes. Application tools include plastering units, mortar pumps, and plastering and grouting machines.

Aspect	Description
Purpose	Waterproofing plaster helps protect walls and structures from moisture damage.
Materials	Common materials include cement, sand, and waterproofing additives.
Application	Apply the plaster in layers, ensuring thorough coverage and proper curing.
Benefits	Prevents mold growth, reduces deterioration, and extends the lifespan of the structure.

Plaster waterproofing provides vital defense for building structures that are subjected to moisture. This kind of plaster helps to stop damage from leaks and moist environments by forming a barrier that repels water. This is especially helpful in places where there is a lot of humidity or frequent rainfall.

Your walls’ lifespan can be increased and the need for pricey repairs can be decreased by using waterproofing plaster. Its purpose is to keep water out, shielding the underlying structure and the plaster. This makes it a wise option for both brand-new buildings and remodeling.

All things considered, spending money on waterproofing plaster is a sensible approach to increase the toughness and longevity of your walls. It makes sure that your buildings are protected from water damage, which makes them stronger and more durable.

Video on the topic

Facade we measure humidity, capillary suction, violation of waterproofing, destruction of plaster #bark beetle

Reliable waterproofing of the room without errors / What to pay attention to / Materials for waterproofing

GIDROIZOL Verpuzt waterproofing plaster

Protection of waterproofing with a profiled membrane PLANTER Standard

Waterproofing of a basement or a pit in a garage. Reliable method.